Tuesday, January 31, 2023
Saturday, January 28, 2023
Thursday, January 26, 2023
Why does a new day start at 12 midnight?
Why does a new day start at 12 midnight?
The invention of time and clocks is a gradual process that has evolved over thousands of years. Ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians and Babylonians, developed methods for measuring time using sundials and water clocks. The first mechanical clock was invented in the 14th century by a German monk named Peter Heinlein. The invention of the pendulum clock in the 17th century by Dutch mathematician and physicist Christiaan Huygens greatly improved the accuracy of timekeeping. The invention of quartz crystal oscillators in the 20th century led to the development of quartz clocks and watches, which are even more accurate than mechanical and pendulum clocks.
Our day depends on the hands of the clock i.e., what time it is now, what time we have to work, etc.
But the question is why does the new day start at 12 midnight (according to the Gregorian or Julian calendar)?
The answer is not simple but quite complicated, but it is clear that it happened with the help of ancient Rome. To explain this, you must first understand AM and PM.
The day starts at 12:00 AM because it is the beginning of a new day and it is the first moment of the day, just like how the hour starts at 12:00 AM and is the first moment of the hour. The concept of AM and PM is used to divide the 24-hour day into two parts, where AM refers to the morning hours and PM refers to the afternoon and evening hours. 12:00 AM is the start of the first 12-hour period, while 12:00 PM is the start of the second 12-hour period.
AM stands for the Latin phrase ante meridiem, which means before noon or before noon.
PM stands for the Latin phrase post meridiem, which means afternoon or afternoon.
In ancient Egypt, the day was divided into 24 parts or hours, and the position of the sun in the sky was taken into account to determine the time.
This system is now known as a sundial, and since the sundial system cannot operate at night, it is necessary to use terms such as AM PM to determine between noon and midnight. it's called something else). Sundials were invented a thousand years before the number 0 or 0, so the number 12 is used for the middle part of the day.
In ancient Rome, the system of AM and PM was adopted and thus formed 12, 2 groups of 12 hours, i.e., 12 hours of the day and 12 hours of the night.
In 159 BC, a water clock arrived in Rome that could tell 12 o'clock at night.
For this reason, the Romans started their day from midnight for business and social activities, as trading activities at that time of the night were negligible.
The Romans thought that changing the date to the afternoon would be too confusing, such as having lunch on Tuesday and returning to work on Wednesday, which would cause various problems. So gradually it became a tradition and even now there is no change.
Wednesday, January 25, 2023
World's first cattle dung-driven tractor
A tractor is a vehicle that is specifically designed for use on farms and other agricultural settings. It is typically used for tasks such as plowing fields, planting crops, tilling soil, and hauling equipment and materials. Tractors can be equipped with a variety of attachments, such as plows, harrows, cultivators, and mowers, to perform different types of work. They can also be used for construction and landscaping tasks, as well as for towing trailers and other vehicles.
Tractors can run on a variety of fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and propane. The most common fuel type for tractors is diesel, which is known for its high energy density, durability, and low cost. Diesel engines are also typically more efficient than gasoline engines, which makes them well-suited for heavy-duty tasks like farming and construction. However, there are also tractors that run on gasoline, which is a less expensive fuel and can be easier to find in some locations. Additionally, some tractors are designed to run on propane which is a cleaner burning alternative fuel.
Propane fuel, also known as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), is a hydrocarbon fuel that is derived from natural gas and crude oil. It is composed primarily of propane and small amounts of other gases like butane and propylene. One of the main advantages of propane fuel is that it is a clean-burning fuel source, producing fewer emissions than gasoline or diesel. This makes it an attractive alternative fuel option for a variety of vehicles, including tractors, as well as for use in industrial and commercial applications. Propane is also a versatile fuel, it can be used to power engines, generators, and heating systems, it can be stored as a liquid in specially designed tanks, which makes it easy to transport and store.
Holland: Ranches are regularly going with by animals, and waste from dairy animals and buffaloes in specific can be utilized as biofuel, but presently a Dutch company has created the world's, to begin with, tractor fueled by the same biomethane. It has been named T-Seven which is mutually created by 'New Holland Agriculture' and the British company Benaman.
Be that as it may, waste isn't straightforwardly poured into it, but compost is collected and weakened and poured into expansive tanks. This produces a gas that's transcendently methane. In another step, the gas is collected and purified. It is at that point pressurized to create LNG or melted characteristic gas. But putting away the gas requires extraordinary tanks with a temperature of short 162 degrees Celsius.
Presently this gas can too be sold and utilized in tractors and vehicles with uncommon engines. Although the primary model of the tractor is in its beginning frame, once completed it'll be the world's beginning with a bio-LNG tractor. But this will empower the ranchers to create theirs possess fuel for their tractors and on the.
Greenland's rapidly melting ice, warning of alarming sea level rise
Greenland is home to one of the largest ice sheets in the world, covering about 80% of the island. The ice sheet has existed for millions of years, and its history has been shaped by a combination of natural factors, such as snowfall and temperature, as well as a human activity, such as climate change.
In the past, the ice sheet was much larger than it is today, and during the last ice age, which ended around 10,000 years ago, it extended as far south as present-day New York City. Since then, the ice sheet has been shrinking, and it continues to do so today. This is due in part to rising temperatures, which cause more snow to melt in the summer than falls in the winter.
Greenland's ice sheet also calves off large icebergs, which break away from the edge of the ice sheet and float out to sea. These icebergs can be enormous, with some measuring several miles across. The process of calving is a natural one and has been occurring for millions of years. However, in recent decades, the rate of ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet has accelerated, due to warming oceans and rising air temperatures caused by human-induced climate change.
The ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet is a significant contributor to global sea level rise, which is expected to continue in the future and has a significant impact on global communities. Scientists are closely monitoring the ice sheet to better understand its current and future behavior, and to predict the potential impacts of climate change on the ice sheet and on the planet as a whole.
Greenland's rapidly melting ice, warning of alarming sea level rise
Bremerhaven: Researchers have cautioned that the Greenland ice sheet is encountering the hottest temperatures on record which in the event that temperatures proceed at this rate, worldwide seas seem to rise by 20 inches by 2100. Will rise.
From 2001 to 2011, Greenland's temperature was 1.5 degrees Celsius hotter than it was in the 20th century. This decade was the hottest decade within the final thousand years. Experts from the Alfred Wagner Organized gotten this information by reproducing the temperature of north-central Greenland from 1100 to 2011. Greenland has played a major part in raising the world's ocean levels over the past 30 a long time due to the expanded dissolving of the ice there.
Concurring to a later major report, the locale is melting seven times speedier than it was within the 1990s. The fear is additionally being communicated by specialists that conceivably the issues of the ice sheet have come to such a point from which no return is possible. It has been detailed that worldwide warming due to carbon emanations will dissolve all t
A mummified corpse with a "heart of gold" that was buried in a coffin 2300 years ago
A mummified corpse with a "heart of gold" that was buried in a coffin 2300 years ago
The discovery of the tomb of the ancient Egyptian king Tutankhamun in Luxor is considered to be the most important and famous discovery of modern archaeology.
But a new discovery has led to the identification of an embalmed body, or mummy, which is also believed to have belonged to the elite of ancient Egypt.
The reason for this assumption is that two thousand three hundred years ago this body was preserved with a heart of gold.
It should be noted that the body of this 14-15-year-old boy was discovered in 1916, but for almost a century, this mummy remained in a store with dozens of mummified bodies in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, due to which experts have detailed its details. Could not review it.
However, recently a team from Cairo University, led by Dr. Sahar Saleem, was shocked when they examined the body through a CT scan.
Sahira Salim, in an article published in the journal Frontiers in Medicine, stated that her photographs showed that the body of the deceased had 49 amulets of 21 different types, many of which were made of gold, and that From, Mimi is named 'Golden Boy'.
The discovered mummy has been placed in a room at the Egyptian Museum where it will be exhibited.
Due to his healthy teeth and bones and the lack of evidence of malnutrition or disease, the scans confirmed that the young man was from the upper class. His remains were also 'standardized.' The brain and intestines were removed when the body was mummified.
In the pictures, it can be seen that under the bandages covering the young man's body was an object the length of two fingers with the dead man's uncircumcised penis, a golden tongue in his mouth, and gold in the hollow of his chest. A heart-shaped amulet was kept.
The ancient Egyptians placed amulets on the dead bodies of their dead with the intention of 'protecting' them in the afterlife. "The golden tongue inside the mouth guarantees that the deceased can speak after death," the archaeologist said.
The mummy is said to date back to the late Ptolemaic period of 332 - 30 BC and was found in 1916 at Edfu in the south of the country. It was discovered six years ago by an excavation led by British archaeologist Howard Carter. Carter found Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings during his excavations.
The remains of the young man were kept in two coffins with an inscription in Greek on the outside while the inside was made of wood. The corpse had a golden mask on its face.
Tuesday, January 24, 2023
Top 10 Tourist Destinations in Pakistan 2023
Pakistan is a country that is blessed with incredible natural beauty. From the majestic Himalayas in the north to the pristine beaches of the south, Pakistan offers a wide variety of landscapes that are sure to take your breath away.
One of the most famous tourist destinations in Pakistan is the northern region of the country, where the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush mountain ranges offer some of the most breathtaking views in the world. The area is also home to many glaciers, including the world's second-largest glacier, the Siachen Glacier. The northern region also features many high-altitude lakes, such as the beautiful Saiful Muluk, which is located at the base of the Malika Parbat mountain.
Another popular destination in Pakistan is the northern region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, which is home to the Neelum Valley. The valley is known for its stunning scenery, including the Neelum River, which winds its way through the valley, and the lush green forests that cover the surrounding hills. The valley is also home to many small villages and towns, which offer a glimpse into the traditional way of life in the region.
In the south of Pakistan, the Sindh province is home to the Arabian Sea and the famous beaches of Pakistan. The beaches of Karachi and Gwadar are famous for their white sandy beaches, crystal-clear waters, and beautiful sunsets. The area is also home to many small fishing villages, which offer a glimpse into the traditional way of life of the local people.
Pakistan is also home to many cultural and historical sites, including the ancient city of Mohenjo-Daro, which is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. The city, which dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and offers a fascinating glimpse into the past. Other historical sites in Pakistan include the ancient city of Taxila, which was an important center of Buddhism, and the Lahore Fort, which is a beautiful example of Mughal architecture.
In short, Pakistan is a country that is rich in natural beauty, culture, and history. From the majestic Himalayas in the north to the pristine beaches of the south, Pakistan offers a wide variety of landscapes that are sure to take your breath away. It is also home to many cultural and historical sites, making it a perfect destination for those who are interested in learning more about the country's past and present.
Lahore is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Punjab and has a rich history dating back over 2,000 years. It is believed to have been founded by Loh, a son of the Hindu god Rama, and was known as Lavapuri in ancient times. The city was conquered by the Ghaznavids in the 11th century, and later became a major center of the Mughal Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries. During this time, Lahore saw a period of great cultural and architectural development, with the construction of many notable buildings such as the Lahore Fort and the Badshahi Mosque. In the 19th century, Lahore came under British colonial rule and was a major center of the Indian independence movement. After the partition of India in 1947, Lahore became a part of Pakistan and has since grown into a major economic and cultural center. Today, Lahore is known for its rich history, vibrant arts and culture scene, and delicious food.
1. The Lahore Fort
2. Badshahi Mosque
3. Wazir Khan Mosque
4. Minar-e-Pakistan
5. Tomb of Jahangir
6. Tomb of Nur Jahan
7. Lahore Museum
8. Data Darbar
9. Lahore Zoo
10. Anarkali Bazaar
Skardu is a city located in the northern region of Pakistan, in the Gilgit-Baltistan province. The area has a long history of human habitation, dating back to at least the 3rd century BCE. The region was initially ruled by a series of local rulers and tribal leaders, with the first known kingdom in the area being the kingdom of Loulan, which existed between the 3rd century BCE and the 2nd century CE.
In the 8th century CE, the area came under the rule of the Tibetan Empire and remained under Tibetan control until the 11th century, when the area was conquered by the Muslim Karakhanid dynasty.
In the 16th century, the region came under the control of the Mughal Empire, and later the Durrani Empire in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the area became part of the British Raj and was later incorporated into Pakistan after the partition of India in 1947.
Today, Skardu is a popular tourist destination known for its stunning mountain scenery, trekking and climbing opportunities, and rich culture and history.
1. Deosai National Park
2. Kachura Lake (Shangrila Lake)
3. Skardu Fort
4. Shigar Fort
5. Satpara Lake
6. Khaplu Palace
7. Kharmang Valley
8. Basha Village
9. Rama Meadows
10. Katpana Cold Desert
Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan, located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northern region of the country. The area has a long history of human habitation, dating back to at least the 3rd century BCE. The region was initially ruled by a series of local rulers and tribal leaders, with the first known kingdom in the area being the kingdom of Gandhara.
In the early 20th century, the British Raj government of India identified the need for a new capital city to replace Karachi as the capital of Pakistan. This was due to the growing population and increased administrative and political importance of the region.
In 1959, the Pakistani government selected the site for the new capital city, which was to be located near the ancient city of Rawalpindi. The city was designed by Greek architect Constantinos A. Doxiadis, and construction began in the 1960s.
Islamabad officially became the capital of Pakistan in 1967, and has since grown to become a major political, administrative, and cultural center of the country. The city is known for its modern architecture, well-planned layout, and picturesque setting.
Today, Islamabad is considered to be one of the most beautiful capital cities in the world. It is home to many government buildings, embassies, and international organizations, as well as a rapidly growing population and a vibrant cultural scene.
1. Faisal Mosque
2. Pakistan Monument
3. Margalla Hills
4. Daman-e-Koh Viewpoint
5. Pakistan Museum of Natural History
6. Pakistan Railways Heritage Museum
7. Pakistan National Council of Arts
8. Lok Virsa Museum
9. Rawal Dam
10. Shakarparian National Park
The Kalasha Valleys, located in the Hindu Kush mountain range of Pakistan, are home to the Kalasha people, a small, ancient, and unique indigenous community. The history of the Kalasha people is not well-documented, but it is believed that they have lived in the region for thousands of years, possibly as early as the 4th century BCE. They have their own distinct language, religion, customs, and traditions, which have been influenced by the various cultures that have conquered and controlled the region over the centuries. The Kalasha people have been subject to numerous invasions and forced conversions over the centuries, but they have managed to maintain their unique identity and culture. Today, the Kalasha Valleys are a popular tourist destination, known for their beautiful landscapes, unique culture, and ancient traditions.
1. Rumbur Valley
2. Birir Valley
3. Bamboret Valley
4. Chitral Fort
5. Kalasha Dur
6. Kalasha Museum
7. Kalasha Temple
8. Kalasha Cultural Centre
9. Kalasha Festivals
10. Kalasha Villages.
Hunza is a region located in the northernmost part of Pakistan, in the Gilgit-Baltistan region. Historically, the area has been ruled by various local leaders and dynasties, including the Mirs of Hunza. The region has also been influenced by its proximity to neighboring regions and empires, such as Tibet, China, and the British Raj. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the British conducted expeditions to the area and established a degree of control over the region. Following the partition of India in 1947, Hunza became part of Pakistan. In 1974, the Hunza-Nagar District was dissolved and the area was merged into the larger Gilgit-Baltistan region.
1. Karimabad (Baltit Fort)
2. Eagle's Nest Trek
3. Altit Fort
4. Attabad Lake
5. Hunza Valley
6. Passu Glacier
7. Duikar Village
8. Rakaposhi View Point
9. Hunza Cultural Museum
10. Hunza River
Peshawar is a city in northwest Pakistan, located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It has a long and rich history, dating back to ancient times. The city was founded by the Gandhara civilization in the 5th century BCE and was later conquered by the Persian Empire in the 4th century BCE. During the reign of Alexander the Great, the city was known as "Pekhawar" and was an important center of trade and commerce. In the 8th century CE, the city came under the rule of the Arab Abbasid Caliphate, and it became an important center of Islamic culture and learning. In the 16th century, the city was conquered by the Mughal Empire and it remained under Mughal rule until the arrival of the British in the 19th century. During the colonial period, the city served as the administrative center of the British Raj in the region. Today, Peshawar is a bustling city with a population of over 2 million people, and it continues to play an important role in the cultural and economic life of Pakistan.
1. Bala Hisar Fort
2. Qissa Khwani Bazaar
3. Mahabat Khan Mosque
4. Khyber Pass
5. Peshawar Museum
6. Jamrud Fort
7. Wazir Bagh Park
8. Khyber Bazaar
9. Gor Khatri
10. St. John's Church.
Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan and the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has a long history dating back to the 7th century when it was a small fishing village known as Kalachi-jo-Kun. In the 18th century, Karachi was conquered by the Talpur Mirs, a powerful dynasty in the region. In 1839, the British East India Company captured Karachi and it became a major port city and center of trade. After Pakistan gained independence in 1947, Karachi became the capital of the newly formed country and experienced rapid growth and industrialization. However, the city has also faced challenges such as ethnic violence and political turmoil. Despite this, Karachi remains an important economic, cultural, and transportation hub in Pakistan and continues to be a major city in the region.
1. Clifton Beach
2. Mazar-e-Quaid (Jinnah's Mausoleum)
3. Pakistan Maritime Museum
4. Karachi Zoo
5. National Museum of Pakistan
6. Frere Hall
7. Pakistan Air Force Museum
8. Sea View
9. The Mohatta Palace
10. The PAF Museum
Gwadar is a city located in the southwestern province of Balochistan, Pakistan. The history of Gwadar can be traced back to the 6th century when it was a small fishing village. However, it did not gain significant importance until the 18th century when it was conquered by the Khan of Kalat, a powerful ruler in the region.
In 1958, Pakistan purchased Gwadar from Oman and it remained a small fishing village until the late 1990s when the government of Pakistan began to develop it into a deep-sea port.
The port was officially inaugurated in 2007 and since then has been a focus of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) initiative, a massive infrastructure project aimed at connecting China to the Arabian Sea through Gwadar Port.
This project has the potential to greatly increase economic activity in the region and bring development to the area.
1. Gwadar Port
2. Gwadar beach
3. Ormara beach
4. Paddle Beach
5. Marine Drive
6. Hingol National Park
7. Jiwani beach
8. Pasni beach
9. Astola Island
10. Makran Coastal Highway
Quetta is the capital of the Balochistan province in Pakistan. The city has a long history dating back to the 4th century BCE when it was part of the Achaemenid Empire. In the 7th century CE, Quetta was part of the Buddhist kingdom of Gandhara. In the 18th century, the city came under the control of the Khanate of Kalat.
In 1876, Quetta was occupied by British forces during the Second Anglo-Afghan War, and it became part of British India. After the partition of India in 1947, Quetta became part of Pakistan. During the Cold War, Quetta served as an important military and intelligence hub for the United States and its allies.
In the late 20th century, Quetta has been affected by sectarian violence and separatist insurgency. The city also suffered a major earthquake in 1935 which killed thousands of people.
1. Ziarat (Quaid-e-Azam Residency)
2. Quetta Fort
3. Urak Valley
4. Hanna Lake
5. Bolan Pass
6. Hazarganji Chiltan National Park
7. Quetta Museum
8. Chiltan Hill
9. Moola Chotok
10. Killi Jahangir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir, also known as Azad Kashmir, is a region in the northern part of Pakistan. It has a complicated history, with roots dating back to the partition of India in 1947.
When British India was divided into two independent countries, Pakistan and India, the region of Jammu and Kashmir were left in a state of uncertainty. The Hindu ruler of the state, Maharaja Hari Singh, was hesitant to join either country and ultimately decided to remain independent. However, in October 1947, tribal fighters from Pakistan, with the support of the Pakistani military, invaded the region and seized control of a large portion of it, leading Maharaja Hari Singh to ask for Indian military help.
India responded by sending troops to the region and pushing back the Pakistani-backed fighters. This led to the first India-Pakistan war, which ended in 1948 with an UN-brokered ceasefire. The ceasefire line, known as the Line of Control (LoC), divided the region into two parts: the western part controlled by Pakistan and known as Azad Jammu and Kashmir and the eastern part controlled by India and known as Jammu and Kashmir.
Since then, Azad Jammu and Kashmir have been administered by Pakistan as a semi-autonomous region, with its own government and constitution. However, the region has remained a source of tension between Pakistan and India, and the two countries have fought several wars over the region.
It is worth mentioning that Indian Administered Jammu and Kashmir has been under a constitutional lockdown since August 5, 2019, and the region has been split into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
1. Neelum Valley
2. Leepa Valley
3. Banjosa Lake
4. Keran Sector
5. Ratti Gali Lake
6. Sharda Peeth
7. Pir Chinasi
8. Kutton Jagran Valley
9. Toli Pir
10. Jura Saffaidar
"Note: The list of top tourist destinations may vary depending on personal preferences and current events. These are some of the most popular and historically significant places to visit in Pakistan."
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Why does a new day start at 12 midnight? Time is a big subject; it has a lot of importance in science. The invention of time and clocks is...
-
Greenland is home to one of the largest ice sheets in the world, covering about 80% of the island. The ice sheet has existed for millions of... -
A mummified corpse with a "heart of gold" that was buried in a coffin 2300 years ago heart of gold The discovery of the tomb of th...
